An Introduction to Well Integrity Handbook

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There has been a significant technological evolution in the drilling industry during the past 30years. The early platforms on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were designed for wells with a reach of 3 km from the platform. To cover a large reservoir often several platforms were required. Examples are Statfjord A, B and C, and Gullfaks A, B and C. As these platforms were very expensive, alternative solutions were pursued such as subsea installations and extended reach wells. Today it is possible to reach targets 12 km from the platform. One new platform can replace three old platforms from a reservoir coverage point of view.

Modul Teknik Produksi 1

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 Sistem sumur produksi, yang menghubungkan antara formasi produktif dengan separator, dapat dibagi menjadi enam komponen, yakni

Reservoir Engineering Handbook ( Third Edition ) - Tarek Ahmed

FREE DOWNLOAD RESERVOIR ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (THIRD EDITION) AHMED TAREK

PREFACE

This book explains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application in conducting a comprehensive field study. Chapter 1 reviews the fundamentals of reservoir fluid behavior with an emphasis on the classification of reservoir and reservoir fluids. Chapter 2 documents reservoir-fluid properties, while Chapter 3 presents a comprehensive treatment and description of the routine and specialized PVT laboratory tests. The fundamentals of rock properties are discussed in Chapter 4 and numerous methodologies for generating those properties are reviewed. Chapter 5 focuses on presenting the concept of relative permeability and its applications in fluid flow calculations. 

Worldwide Practical Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Methods

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PREFACE

Reservoir engineering in the US emphasizes the problem associated with solution gas drive reservoirs. In fact, there are very few reservoirs in the US currently producing under primary production that approximate steady-state conditions. Many years ago when only five or six days of capacity production were permitted pre month, there were many water drive reservoir became dominated by solution gas drive because the production rate under this drive exceeded the water encroachment capabilities of the reservoir. Thus, today most of the reservoir engineering techniques taught in the US emphasize solution gas drive problems. 

Most non US Production is from reservoir that produce under steady state conditions, but these reservoir are operated by US personnel trained in US. Reservoir engineering methods that emphasize non steady state conditions. Thus, it is common for pseudosteady-state and other methods to be misapplied in non US areas. For Example, the horner method is based on infinite-acting equations but is routinely applied to wells that are in steady state at the time of shutin; the Matthews, Brons, and Hazebroek method of determining average pressures, devised for pseudsteady state reservoir, is used to determine average pressure in steady state reservoir and reservoir computer models utilize only one outside cell for the water drive

Surfactant Science And Technology - Drew Myers

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PREFACE

When a book reaches the third edition, it must be assumed that (1) the work has been useful to someone or (2) the publisher has lost its collective mind. As a simple matter of ego, I must assume that reason 1 is true in this case. For that reason, I have tried to maintain the same basic philosophy with regard to the style and content of the book, while endeavoring to incorporate new material where indicated. A good deal of the information presented is ‘‘old’’ in the sense that it represents work done many years ago by the virtual founders of the science of surface and colloid chemistry. In the mid-1950s a few names stood out as the ‘‘gurus’’ of the field—today the names are too numerous to mention, and the body of published literature is enormous. Surfactants and their applications continue to fill books and patents. 

Important advances in the tools available for studying the activity of surfactants has significantly increased our understanding of what is happening at interfaces at the molecular level in both model and practical systems, although there is still a lot be learned. New knowledge obtained in the years since the publication of the second edition has added greatly to our understanding of the nature of the molecular interactions of surface-active materials and the consequences of their presence on system characteristics and performance. The basic concepts and principles, however, remain pretty much the same. 

In this edition, some topics have been reduced or moved around and several new themes added. Two cases, those of phase transfer catalysis (PTC) and aerosols, are not directly related to surfactants, but their real or potential importance prompted me to include some introductory material related to them. 

Without changing the fundamental philosophy and goals of the previous editions, this third edition was prepared with three major ideas in mind: (1) to maintain the basic content of the work, (2) to maintain the ‘‘readability’’ of the book for non-specialists, and (3) to improve the book’s utility as a source of basic concepts concerning surfactants and their applications. A limited number of problems are provided at the end of each chapter (except Chapter 1) to illustrate some of the concepts discussed. In some cases, the problems provided may not have a unique solution but are posed to stimulate imaginative solutions on the part of the reader. Some may also require some searching on the part of the problem solver to find missing pieces. While exact literature references are not provided, the Bibliography at the end of the book includes many of the better resources for more detailed information on each specific subject. It should serve as a useful guide to more detailed coverage for the interested reader.

I would like to thank my two ‘‘best friends,’’ Adriana and Katrina, for their constant love and support, and the crew at ALPHA C.I.S.A.—Lucho, Jose ́, Guillermo, Lisandro, Gabriel, Soledad, Alberto, Carlos, Enrique, Rudi, and all the rest—for putting up with my presence and my absence. Gracias por haber soportado mi pre- sencia y mi ausencia. 

DREW MYERS

Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering

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PREFACE

This petroleum and natural gas engineering two-volume handbook is written in the spirit of the classic handbooks of other engineering disciplines. The two volumes reflect the importance of the industry its engineers serve (i.e., Standard and Poor’s shows that the fuels sector is the largest single entity in the gross domestic product) and the profession’s status as a mature engineering discipline. 

The project to write these volumes began with an attempt to revise the old Practical Petroleum Engineer’s Handbook that Gulf Publishing had published since the 1940’s. Once the project was initiated, it became clear that any revision of the old handbook would be inadequate. Thus, the decision was made to write an entirely new handbook and to write this handbook in the classic style of the handbooks of the other major engineering disciplines. This meant giving the handbook initial chapters on mathematics and computer applications, the sciences, general engineering, and auxiliary equipment. These initial chapters set the tone of the handbook by using engineering language and notation common to all engineering disciplines. This common language and notation is used throughout the handbook (language and notation in nearly all cases is consistent with Society of Petroleum Engineers publication practices). The authors, of which there are 27, have tried (and we hope succeeded) in avoiding the jargon that had crept into petroleum engineering literature over the past few decades. Our objective was to create a handbook for the petroleum engineering discipline that could be read and understood by any up-to-date engineer. 

The specific petroleum engineering discipline chapters cover drilling and well completions, reservoir engineering, production, and economics and valuation. These chapters contain information, data, and example calculations related to practical situations that petroleum engineers often encounter. Also, these chapters reflect the growing role of natural gas in industrial operations by integrating natural gas topics and related subjects throughout both volumes. 

This has been a very long and often frustrating project. Throughout the entire project the authors have been steadfastly cooperative and supportive of their editor. In the preparation of the handbook the authors have used published information from both the American

Petroleum Institute and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. The authors thank these two institutions for their cooperation in the preparation of the final manuscript. The authors would also like to thank the many petroleum production and service companies that have assisted in this project. 

In the detailed preparation of this work, the authors would like to thank Jerry Hayes, Danette DeCristofaro, and the staff of ExecuStaff Composition Services for their very competent preparation of the final pages. In addition, the authors would like to thank Bill Lowe of Gulf Publishing Company for his vision and perseverance regarding this project; all those many individuals that assisted in the typing and other duties that are so necessary for the preparation of original manuscripts; and all the families of the authors that had to put up with weekends and weeknights of writing. The editor would especially like to thank the group of individuals that assisted through the years in the overall organization and preparation of the original written manuscripts and the accompanying graphics, namely; Ann Gardner, Britta Larrson, Linda Sperling, Ann Irby, Anne Cate, Rita Case, and Georgia Eaton. 

All the authors and their editor know that this work is not perfect. But we also know that this handbook had to be written. Our greatest hope is that we have given those that will follow us, in future editions of this handbook, sound basic material to work with. 

William C. Lyons, Ph.D., P.E. 

Socorro, New Mexico

Advanced Well Completion Engineering Handbook

Pengantar Buku Advanced Well Completion Engineering

Well Completion merupakan bagian sangat penting dalam pengembangan lapangan minyak. Tingkat desain dan kualitas implementasi memainkan peran kunci dalam target produksi yang diharapkan dan efektivitas ekonomi dari oil fields.

Pada awal periode pengembangan awal lapangan minyak Yumen di provinsi Ganshu, Engieneer terus meningkatkan teknologi well completion, dan menyelesaikan sejumlah besar pekerjaan menyelidik di banyak aspek, seperti desain konfigurasi lubang sumur, penyemenan, open hole completion, Liner compeltion, setting packer, dan bullet perforation, yang mana semuanya membentuk dasar yang relatif kuat untuk teknologi penyelesaian sumur untuk industri perminyakan.

Pada awal 1960-an (tahun-tahun pengembangan lapangan minyak Daqing), pemanfaatan yang luas dari teknologi explosive perforating completion mempromosikan kemajuan teknis jet perforating, perforating with carrier dan non - carrier, dan magnetic locating. Persyaratan teknis produksi dan injeksi lapisan terpisah mendorong pengembangan teknologi packer. Kemudian, selama pengembangan lapangan minyak di sekitar Teluk Bohai, jenis formasi yang dihadapi oleh pengeboran dan reservoir menjadi lebih dan lebih kompleks. Masalah produksi pasir ditemukan di beberapa ladang minyak, yang mendorong kemajuan teknologi sand control, termasuk chemical sand control, wirewrapped screen gravel pack, dan metode sand screen. Untuk menghindari kerusakan formasi di lapisan tight lapangan minyak Changqing di barat laut Cina, analisis inti dan uji sensitivitas dilakukan. Metode well completion yang efektif juga telah digunakan di sumur gas asam di lapangan gas Sichuan. Sementara itu, banyak pekerjaan telah dilakukan dalam desain casing, penyemenan, perforating gun, deteksi kualitas catridge perforasi, deteksi permukaan saat perforasi downhole, serta penelitian tentang proses perforasi dengan menggunakan foto berkecepatan tinggi. Semua pekerjaan ini diselesaikan dalam perlindungan formasi dan peningkatan kualitas penyelesaian yang baik meningkatkan teknologi well completion

Namun demikian, kami menemukan teknologi ini terlalu sederhana. Persyaratan dasar well completion sumur, yaitu, “pembebasan formasi minyak”, tidak sepenuhnya terwujud; hanya reservoir sederhana yang ditangani secara efektif, bukan yang kompleks.

BACA JUGA :  

PENGERTIAN WELL COMPLETION SUMUR

SISTEM SIRKULASI PADA TEKNIK PEMBORAN

Ketika ide-ide tentang reformasi dan kebijakan terbuka di Cina berkembang, dan prinsip "sains-teknologi adalah yang pertama" didirikan dan dilaksanakan, sains dan teknologi telah sangat didorong ke depan, dan begitu pula rekayasa completion yang baik. Kajian kerusakan formasi dan sensitivitasnya menyebabkan perhatian teknik penyelesaian sumur naik ke periode pemboran. Ini membutuhkan desain yang wajar dari pengeboran, completion, dan liquid perforasi sesuai dengan komposisi mineral reservoir, dan tekanan pori. Studi tegangan formasi in-situ memperhatikan rekayasa penyelesaian ke depan untuk pemilihan orientasi pola sumur pengembangan, sehingga memberikan pertimbangan terhadap perolehan minyak yang disebabkan oleh injeksi air, injeksi gas, dan orientasi rekahan hidrolik. Untuk membebaskan pembentukan minyak dan mendapatkan tingkat produksi gas dan minyak yang wajar di bawah perbedaan tekanan minimum, kami telah memperkuat pekerjaan penelitian tentang teknologi perforasi dan mengembangkan berbagai perangkat lunak untuk merancang perforasi dan membangun sistem jaminan kualitas perforator dan pusat deteksi.

Penetrasi perforasi sudah mencapai 700 cm. Teknologi pengujian sumur modern telah menjadi metode yang umum dalam mengevaluasi rasio kelengkapan sumur minyak. Penerapan metode analisis nodal, pemilihan ukuran tubing dan casing produksi, dan penelitian tentang pengangkatan buatan semua mempertimbangkan aliran dari reservoir ke kepala sumur secara keseluruhan, tidak hanya dari tahap awal tetapi juga ke tahap produksi selanjutnya. Teknik-teknik tersebut di atas telah mencapai kemajuan besar baik dalam sumur vertikal dan sumur terarah, dan juga telah digunakan dalam pengembangan empat ladang minyak di cekungan Talimu pusat, di mana teknologi penyelesaian untuk sumur horizontal telah memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap produksi minyak yang stabil dari 1.000 ton/hari.

Saat ini, teknologi well completion telah menjadi bentuk rekayasa sistem. Seluruh periode pengembangan ladang minyak membutuhkan penekanan tidak hanya pada rencana pengembangan, tetapi juga pada setiap desain teknik, dan hubungan operasional, yang harus dipertimbangkan secara serius dalam pengelolaan proyek pengembangan lapangan minyak. Selama “pertempuran minyak” di lapangan minyak Daqing, salah satu praktik konvensional yang baik adalah mengumpulkan berbagai bahan dan data secara tepat, lengkap, dan integral saat mengebor sumur. Untuk teknik penyelesaian sumur, persyaratannya sama dalam penilaian sumur sehingga dapat menjamin keberhasilan pengembangan lapangan minyak. Oleh karena itu, proyek eksplorasi yang berhasil haruslah proyek di mana investasi eksplorasi yang cukup dilakukan untuk mendapatkan material yang lengkap dan berkualitas tinggi

Free Download Advanced Well Completion Engineering Handbook

Handbook Well Completion Lainnya :

DRILLING AND WELL COMPLETION - CARL GATLIN

WELL COMPLETION DESIGN - JONATHAN BELLARBY

BASIC MUD ENGINEERING COURSE - BAROID

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Production Well Test and Pressure Analysis - Dr. Ir. Doddy Abdassah

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Integrated Petroleum Reservoir Management - Abdus Satter, Ganesh C. Takur.

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The Petroleum Engineering Handbook Sustainable Operations - M.I. Khan and M.R. Islam

Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering - L.P. Dake

Sucker Rod Failure Analysis

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Well Completion Design - Jonathan Bellarby

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Drilling and Well Completion - Carl Gatlin

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PREFACE

In this book I have attempted to present an integrated picture of drilling and well completion operations as they are normally encountered by the petroleum engineer. In order to do this without assuming prior knowledge in the field, it was necessary to introduce a number of rather general topics. The chapters on reservoir fluid properties, reservoir rock properties, exploration and leasing practices, core analysis, well logging and formation damage fall into this category/ the coverage in these sections is, of course, limited, and the emphasis in on the problem at hand rather than overall implications. It is hoped, however that these treatments will form a sound basis for later, more detailed study

Petroleum engineering curricula vary widely as to the level at which the drilling courses is taught. By including the necessary background material this text may be used in a first course. Similarly, by proper selection and deletion of chapters it can serve the needs of a more advanced course. The numerous reference cited form adequate outside reading for course at any level. It is also hoped that the many charts and example problems will make the book valuable as a reference for those practicing in these areas.

In my opinion that for the most part petroleum engineers are best utilized in drilling operations rather than as designers of equipment. Hence, this text is primarily concerned with operational procedures and not with detailed descriptions and analysis of equipment. The latter coverage is, therefore, restricted to a level necessary for formulation and understanding of the problems. I feel this much is desirable

During the writing of this book it was necessary to ask permission from numerous organizations and individuals for use of various materials. It was gratifying to me that in no case was permission denied. In fact, in most cases much more was offered than was asked for. I have attempted throughout to acknowledge credit for this aid, and I hope no one has been overlooked. Similarly, I have tried to be scrupulously honest in the numerous references cited for it is these authors who have written this book. I merely put it together. I am sure oversights must exist; however, I hope they are few and excusable

I wish to make several specific acknowledgments. First, I express my gratitude to the society of petroleum engineering of AIME and to the American Petroleum Institute, from whose transactions I borrowed heavily.

I also wish to thank the following individuals for their counsel and assistance at various stages of the writing: John A. Casner, Dick Cavnar, Gerald L. Farrar, B. E. Groenewold, Robt. E. Hensley, Frank W. Jessen, G. W. (Sandy) McGaha, Phil C. Montgomery, Edward E. Runyan, Carrol V. Sidwell, Dwight K. Smith, Gould Whaley, Jr., and the late A. W. Walker.

I am greatly indebted to the following for their corrections and criticisms of specific chapters: Robert P. Alger, Fred W. Chisholm, Arthur Lubinski, E. A. Morlan, R. H. Nolley, Robt. L. Slobod, C. Drew Stahl, and Henry B. Woods. I also express my thanks to Joseph J. Cosgrove, Donald H. Crago, Kenneth E. Gray for checking numerous derivations and problems

I shall welcome at any time correspondence concerning errors, suggestions for improvement, or criticisms of the text. Indeed, if I were to start over, I would change a great many things myself. I am informed, however, that he who demands perfection never finishes his book. No perfection exists here for I have finished

Card Gatlin

Production Operation - Thomas O. Allen and Alan P. Roberts

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PREFACE

The second edition of production operations includes revision and updating of many chapters in volume 1 and 2. In volume 2, a new chapter entitled “Paraffin and asphaltene deposition, removal and prevention” has been added. Major revisions have been made in the corrosion chapter, with extensive technical coverage of coating and plastic pipe. Appendices covering rock mechanics and oil field polymers have been added to the fracturing chapter. Because an ever-increasing number of universities and colleges in the world employ OGCI’s production operations books as basic text in production operations, the second edition includes additional clarification in major technical areas as well as required technical updating

In an overview of the oil industry, well completion, workover, and stimulation seemingly plays only a small part. The same is true even if we limit ourselves to the exploration and production phases of the industry. From our vantage, however, the focal point of exploration and production is successful well completion that obtains, and maintains, effective communication with the desired reservoir fluids. The technology required for effective well completion involves many disciplines and many different types of talents. A well completion is not merely a mechanical process of drilling a hole, setting casing, and perforating a hydrocarbon section.

The importance of total reservoir description; the role of effective communication between the reservoir and the wellbore; the hazards of flow restriction around the wellbore; the importance of knowing where fluids are and where they are moving to; and the rigors of excluding undesirable fluids all become more and more evident as we move deeper into the areas of enhanced methods of maximizing recovery of increasingly valuable hydrocarbon fluids

In preparing production operations, volume 1 and volume 2, we have tried to logically separate well completion and well operation technology into packages to permit detailing the more important facets. Effective well completion and re-completion operation require consideration of specific problems using all available technology

Volume 1 and 2 are the product of some sixteen years of conducting training programs throughout the world for industry groups, including engineers, managers, geologists, technicians, foremen, service company personnel, and others.

The question is often asked, “what is new in well completion technology”. Our answer must be that new technology per se is not the real issue in considering improvement in production operations. “the key to optimizing oil and gas recovery and profits is the effective application of proved technology”. This has been the theme of our production operations courses since our first effort in 1966, and is the theme of these two books on productions operations. A primary objective of our technical training has been to assist operating groups reduce the length of them required for “proved techniques” to become routine field practice

The business of well completion is continually changing. The learning process continues, technology improves, and just as important, the rules of the game change with the times and with the area. In many areas, effective and economic recovery of hydrocarbons from more and more marginal reservoir is the name of the game. In other areas where costs are tremendous due to complications of deep wells, offshore activities, or geographic location, high production rates, which are needed to provide sufficient return on the incomprehensible investment required, provide the winning combination

Response to the first four printings of production operations, volume 1 and 2, reflects industry acceptance of our efforts. We anticipate that the improved second edition will be even more valuable for production operating personnel than the first edition of production operations. The widespread awareness of the need to update petroleum personnel at all levels in the application of proved technology provides OGCI with the incentive to invest time and money in providing new and improve training course and books. To meet this need, OGCI is offering additional course each year and is in the process of developing a series of technical books for the petroleum industry

T. O. Allen

Alan P. Roberts

Tulsa, Oklahoma
May 1982

Handbook of Best Practices For Geothermal Drilling

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ABSTRACT

This Handbook is a description of the complex process that comprises drilling for geothermal wells. The focus of the detailed Chapters covering various aspects of the process (casing design, cementing, logging and instrumentation, etc) is on techniques and hardware that have proven successful in geothermal reservoirs around the world. The Handbook will eventually be linked to the Geothermal Implementing Agreement (GIA) website, with the hope and expectation that it can be continually updated as new methods are demonstrated or proven.

credit: www.sandia.gov

Advanced Natural Gas Engineering - Xiuli Wang and Michael Economides

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PREFACE

The role of natural gas in meeting the world energy demand has been increasing because of its abundance, versatility, and clean-burning nature. As a result, new gas exploration, field development, and production activities are underway. This is especially true in places where natural gas was (until recently) labeled as “stranded.” Because a significant portion of natural gas reserves worldwide are located across bodies of water, gas transportation becomes an issue. We are dealing with many unique issues and facing many challenges in the entire “food chain” (upstream to midstream and downstream) of natural gas engineering. 

This necessitates a bridge of the technology gaps in a number of important areas:

• The unique new technologies such as different interpretations of 3-D seismic in natural gas exploration. 
• The specific requirements in gas well drilling. 
• The need for the hydraulically fracturing of high permeability gas well to bypass the damage but most importantly to reduce turbulence due to high well deliverability. 
• Natural gas sea-going transportation such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). 
• Gas conversion and storage. 
• Alternative and competing energy sources.

None of these new issues and challenges have not been addressed in depth in any existing books. 

Another reason why we put this book together is based on our observations of young professionals and graduate students. With the power of current computing technology, many companies are offering different software to solve engineering problems. Many young engineers and students are good at running programs and plotting beautiful graphs without knowing what the numbers and figures mean. Somehow people have lost their fundamental abilities to tackle problems without using a computer. Here, besides addressing the advanced engineering issues related to natural gas, we also provide equations along with examples and detailed calculation procedures of fundamental chemical and petroleum engineering problems. 

This book can serve as a reference book for all engineers in the energy business as well as a textbook for students in petroleum and chemical engineering curricula and in the training departments of a large group of companies. 

A book like this, due to its multidisciplinary nature, requires input from a number of friends and colleagues. The authors wish to thank Profs. Russell D. Ostermann, Michael Nikolaou, Ali Ghalambor, and James Richardson for their contributions. 

Thanks to Profs. Russell D. Ostermann, Shari Dunn-Norman, Victor Nikolaevskiy, Dr. Iskander Diyashev, Dr. David Wood, and Mr. Tony Martin for reviewing this book. 

Special thanks go to Lindsay Fraser and Phil Lewis for providing valuable information and critiques. 

Finally the authors would like to recognize the assistance of George Song, Seth Myers, Matteo Marongiu-Porcu, and Wenbo Liu.

— Dr. Xiuli Wang and Prof. Michael J. Economides

Houston, August 2009

Natural Gas Production Engineering - Ikoku

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PREFACE

THIS BOOK PRESENT A COMPREHENSIVE AND Rigorous treatment of the technology of producing and transporting natural gas. The design of a development plan for the natural gas field always depend on the reservoir and well characteristics, tubing and flowline performance, and compressor and processing equipment characteristics. This text emphasize a system approach to natural gas production since change in each component will affect the performance of the other components

Most of us who teach others have heard the adage that the best way to learn a subject in depth is to teach it. As a case in point, natural gas production engineering is a history of many years of successfully using the material for natural gas engineering courses at the University of Tulsa, the Pennsylvania state university, and adult education course in the united states and overseas. This book is arranged so that it can be used as a test or reference work for student and practicing engineers, geologists and managers in the crude oil and natural gas production industry

Chapters 1 to 3 serve as an introduction to the subject. Chapter 1 traces the development of the natural gas industry and tries to install in the reader an awareness of the increased role natural gas will play as source of energy. Chapter 2 reviews the properties of natural gases and condensate system that are of importance in solving gas well performance, gas production and gas transmission problems. Chapter 3 discusses some concepts of thermodynamics that are used throughout the book.

Chapter 4 through 8 focus on separating and processing, compression, measurement, and flow of gas in pipelines, tubings, and annuli. Multiphase flow in pipes is treated and procedures for the design and selection of surface equipment are clearly outlined. Methods for determining static and flowing bottom hole pressure from wellhead data are presented for both shallow wells and very deep wells producing sour gas. The problem of liquid loading in gas wells is also addressed

Much of the material on which this book is based was drawn from the publications of the society of petroleum engineerings of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, the American Gas Association, the Division of Production of the American Petroleum Institute, the Gas Processors Suppliers Association, the Petroleum Extension Service of the University of Texas at Austin, and the Gas Condition Conference of the university.

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