An Introduction to Well Integrity Handbook

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There has been a significant technological evolution in the drilling industry during the past 30years. The early platforms on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were designed for wells with a reach of 3 km from the platform. To cover a large reservoir often several platforms were required. Examples are Statfjord A, B and C, and Gullfaks A, B and C. As these platforms were very expensive, alternative solutions were pursued such as subsea installations and extended reach wells. Today it is possible to reach targets 12 km from the platform. One new platform can replace three old platforms from a reservoir coverage point of view.

Modul Teknik Produksi 1

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 Sistem sumur produksi, yang menghubungkan antara formasi produktif dengan separator, dapat dibagi menjadi enam komponen, yakni

Reservoir Engineering Handbook ( Third Edition ) - Tarek Ahmed

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PREFACE

This book explains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application in conducting a comprehensive field study. Chapter 1 reviews the fundamentals of reservoir fluid behavior with an emphasis on the classification of reservoir and reservoir fluids. Chapter 2 documents reservoir-fluid properties, while Chapter 3 presents a comprehensive treatment and description of the routine and specialized PVT laboratory tests. The fundamentals of rock properties are discussed in Chapter 4 and numerous methodologies for generating those properties are reviewed. Chapter 5 focuses on presenting the concept of relative permeability and its applications in fluid flow calculations. 

Worldwide Practical Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Methods

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PREFACE

Reservoir engineering in the US emphasizes the problem associated with solution gas drive reservoirs. In fact, there are very few reservoirs in the US currently producing under primary production that approximate steady-state conditions. Many years ago when only five or six days of capacity production were permitted pre month, there were many water drive reservoir became dominated by solution gas drive because the production rate under this drive exceeded the water encroachment capabilities of the reservoir. Thus, today most of the reservoir engineering techniques taught in the US emphasize solution gas drive problems. 

Most non US Production is from reservoir that produce under steady state conditions, but these reservoir are operated by US personnel trained in US. Reservoir engineering methods that emphasize non steady state conditions. Thus, it is common for pseudosteady-state and other methods to be misapplied in non US areas. For Example, the horner method is based on infinite-acting equations but is routinely applied to wells that are in steady state at the time of shutin; the Matthews, Brons, and Hazebroek method of determining average pressures, devised for pseudsteady state reservoir, is used to determine average pressure in steady state reservoir and reservoir computer models utilize only one outside cell for the water drive

Surfactant Science And Technology - Drew Myers

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PREFACE

When a book reaches the third edition, it must be assumed that (1) the work has been useful to someone or (2) the publisher has lost its collective mind. As a simple matter of ego, I must assume that reason 1 is true in this case. For that reason, I have tried to maintain the same basic philosophy with regard to the style and content of the book, while endeavoring to incorporate new material where indicated. A good deal of the information presented is ‘‘old’’ in the sense that it represents work done many years ago by the virtual founders of the science of surface and colloid chemistry. In the mid-1950s a few names stood out as the ‘‘gurus’’ of the field—today the names are too numerous to mention, and the body of published literature is enormous. Surfactants and their applications continue to fill books and patents. 

Important advances in the tools available for studying the activity of surfactants has significantly increased our understanding of what is happening at interfaces at the molecular level in both model and practical systems, although there is still a lot be learned. New knowledge obtained in the years since the publication of the second edition has added greatly to our understanding of the nature of the molecular interactions of surface-active materials and the consequences of their presence on system characteristics and performance. The basic concepts and principles, however, remain pretty much the same. 

In this edition, some topics have been reduced or moved around and several new themes added. Two cases, those of phase transfer catalysis (PTC) and aerosols, are not directly related to surfactants, but their real or potential importance prompted me to include some introductory material related to them. 

Without changing the fundamental philosophy and goals of the previous editions, this third edition was prepared with three major ideas in mind: (1) to maintain the basic content of the work, (2) to maintain the ‘‘readability’’ of the book for non-specialists, and (3) to improve the book’s utility as a source of basic concepts concerning surfactants and their applications. A limited number of problems are provided at the end of each chapter (except Chapter 1) to illustrate some of the concepts discussed. In some cases, the problems provided may not have a unique solution but are posed to stimulate imaginative solutions on the part of the reader. Some may also require some searching on the part of the problem solver to find missing pieces. While exact literature references are not provided, the Bibliography at the end of the book includes many of the better resources for more detailed information on each specific subject. It should serve as a useful guide to more detailed coverage for the interested reader.

I would like to thank my two ‘‘best friends,’’ Adriana and Katrina, for their constant love and support, and the crew at ALPHA C.I.S.A.—Lucho, Jose ́, Guillermo, Lisandro, Gabriel, Soledad, Alberto, Carlos, Enrique, Rudi, and all the rest—for putting up with my presence and my absence. Gracias por haber soportado mi pre- sencia y mi ausencia. 

DREW MYERS

Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering

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PREFACE

This petroleum and natural gas engineering two-volume handbook is written in the spirit of the classic handbooks of other engineering disciplines. The two volumes reflect the importance of the industry its engineers serve (i.e., Standard and Poor’s shows that the fuels sector is the largest single entity in the gross domestic product) and the profession’s status as a mature engineering discipline. 

The project to write these volumes began with an attempt to revise the old Practical Petroleum Engineer’s Handbook that Gulf Publishing had published since the 1940’s. Once the project was initiated, it became clear that any revision of the old handbook would be inadequate. Thus, the decision was made to write an entirely new handbook and to write this handbook in the classic style of the handbooks of the other major engineering disciplines. This meant giving the handbook initial chapters on mathematics and computer applications, the sciences, general engineering, and auxiliary equipment. These initial chapters set the tone of the handbook by using engineering language and notation common to all engineering disciplines. This common language and notation is used throughout the handbook (language and notation in nearly all cases is consistent with Society of Petroleum Engineers publication practices). The authors, of which there are 27, have tried (and we hope succeeded) in avoiding the jargon that had crept into petroleum engineering literature over the past few decades. Our objective was to create a handbook for the petroleum engineering discipline that could be read and understood by any up-to-date engineer. 

The specific petroleum engineering discipline chapters cover drilling and well completions, reservoir engineering, production, and economics and valuation. These chapters contain information, data, and example calculations related to practical situations that petroleum engineers often encounter. Also, these chapters reflect the growing role of natural gas in industrial operations by integrating natural gas topics and related subjects throughout both volumes. 

This has been a very long and often frustrating project. Throughout the entire project the authors have been steadfastly cooperative and supportive of their editor. In the preparation of the handbook the authors have used published information from both the American

Petroleum Institute and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. The authors thank these two institutions for their cooperation in the preparation of the final manuscript. The authors would also like to thank the many petroleum production and service companies that have assisted in this project. 

In the detailed preparation of this work, the authors would like to thank Jerry Hayes, Danette DeCristofaro, and the staff of ExecuStaff Composition Services for their very competent preparation of the final pages. In addition, the authors would like to thank Bill Lowe of Gulf Publishing Company for his vision and perseverance regarding this project; all those many individuals that assisted in the typing and other duties that are so necessary for the preparation of original manuscripts; and all the families of the authors that had to put up with weekends and weeknights of writing. The editor would especially like to thank the group of individuals that assisted through the years in the overall organization and preparation of the original written manuscripts and the accompanying graphics, namely; Ann Gardner, Britta Larrson, Linda Sperling, Ann Irby, Anne Cate, Rita Case, and Georgia Eaton. 

All the authors and their editor know that this work is not perfect. But we also know that this handbook had to be written. Our greatest hope is that we have given those that will follow us, in future editions of this handbook, sound basic material to work with. 

William C. Lyons, Ph.D., P.E. 

Socorro, New Mexico